What IS a Phytonutrient?
 
Phytonutrients (also called phytochemicals) are chemicals made by plants. Over millions of years, plants, which can’t move when in danger or to find a mate, have developed the capacity to synthesize a diverse array of chemicals. In general, these phytonutrients function to attract beneficial organisms (such as seed spreaders) and repel harmful organisms (such as hungry bugs). Phytonutrients  can also be produced to protect plants from the strong rays of the sun.
 
We know that diets rich in plant food such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains and nuts promote good health.  Recent research is now showing that some of the health benefits derived from eating these foods is due to their phytonutrient make-up. 
 
Here are a few examples of phytonutrients
 
1.Carotenoids (Alpha-Carotene, Beta-Carotene, Beta-Cryptoxanthin, Lycopene, Lutein, and Zeaxanthin).
 
Carotenoids are yellow, orange and red pigments synthesized by plants; think of a red pepper or a yellow squash.
 
Some studies have suggested that diets high in carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and some cancers. Interestingly it seems to be the whole food that is most healthful; high-dose beta-carotene supplements were not found to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases or cancer.
 
 
2. Chlorophyll and Chlorophyllin
 
Chlorophyll and chlorophyllin can be found in… you guessed it, leafy green vegetables.
 
Chlorophyll - yes the green stuff you learned about in grammar school, and chlorophyllin a derivative of cholorphyll which has been used orally as an internal deodorant and in the treatment of slow-healing wounds for more than 50 years, may block the cancer-causing effects of some chemicals by binding with them and keeping them from causing cancer.

  
3. Fiber
 
Generally speaking fiber is a substance that cannot be digested by humans. Although each class of fiber is chemically unique, scientists have tried to classify fibers on the basis of their solubility and a few other factors to understand more clearly how they affect the body.
 
Soluble fiber found in foods like oatmeal, apple flesh and legumes can lower serum LDL (bad) cholesterol levels and help regulate blood sugar. Large studies provide strong and consistent evidence that diets rich in fiber from whole grains, legumes, fruits, and nonstarchy vegetables can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
 
 
4. Resveratrol
 
Resveratrol is a compound called a polyphenol. It is found in grapes, red wine, purple grape juice, peanuts and in some berries.
 
Moderate alcohol consumption has been consistently associated with 20-30% reductions in coronary heart disease risk, but it is not yet clear whether the resveratrol in red wine can offer any additional benefit; the general recommendation is to include a small glass of red wine if you are already a drinker. If you do not drink, don't start!

There are hundreds of phytonutrients found in a wide array of plant foods. Your best bet for optimal health is to eat according to the rainbow; choose a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables every day. Red foods will have phytonutrients that green foods do not and vice versa. Consuming a variety will ensure you are getting more of the natural protective chemicals of nature.